Characteristics of Franchising Systems

Characteristics of Franchising Systems DEFINITION OF FRANCHISING Franchising is a viable method of distributing goods and services which can have a positive influence on economic development by its contribution to the establishment of new businesses and job creation. (By Martin Mendelsohn,2004, p.1,The Guide to Franchising). The distribution networks can be expanded without having to borrow funds or raise additional equity finance. Some capital will be required to prepare for franchising but in general the franchisees will supply the capital as they will fund their own outlets. (By Gideon Nieman, 1998,p.8,) One can start in business with the use of comprehensive business package consisting of an established trade name and corporate image, a proven product or service, and the benefit of the goodwill that has been built up up by the franchisor. (By Gideon Nieman,1998, p.9,the franchise option-how to franchise your business). Disadvantages for franchisees Loss of independence: one of the most serious disadvantages of becoming a franchisee is loss of independence. If you want to make all your own decisions, franchising may be the wrong choice. Franchise systems are structured in such a way that the franchisor sets many of the rules; the franchisee is required to operate the business according to the franchisors manuals and procedures. Over-dependence on the system: loss of independence , if taken to extremes, leads to a further disadvantage: over dependence on the franchise system. When franchisees rely totally on the system for their success, their over-dependence can cause problems. Franchisees have to balance system restrictions with their personal ability to manage their own businesses. For example, when a franchisee depends on national advertising exclusively and does not invest in local marketing , she is short changing her business by relying too greatly on what the franchisor is bringing to the party. (By Michael Seid, Dave Thomas, 2007,p.42, Franchising for dummies Common characteristics of franchise systems that reflect different types of exploration and exploitation The positioning of the system in the market The degree of hardness of the system The systems entrepreneurial orientation The room for strategic participation of franchisees in the system The systems growth objectives ( by Josef Windsperger, Gà ©rard Cliquet, George Hendrikse, Mika Tuunanen, 2012, P.194, economic and management of franchising networks). Several limitations of franchise relationships as a specific form of alliance in which both franchisor and franchisee are intelligent partners that interact and adjust to each other through time. The franchise relationship is often seen as a static, top down relationship in which the focus is on efficiency-aspects, such as monitoring and control of franchisees. However, it is argued here franchise systems and the relationships within them have to deal with paradox of exploitation and exploration in organisational adaptation.   Exploitation includes aspects such as refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, implementation and execution. Exploration includes issues such as search, variation, risk-taking,experimentation, play,flexibility, discovery and innovation. Arguably, firms must try to find an appropriate balance betyween exploitation and exploration in order to survive and prosper in their environment.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   ( by Josef Windsperger, Gà ©rard Cliquet , George Hendrikse, Mika Tuunanen, 2012, P.194). Resource acquisition theory http://www.whichfranchise.com/resources.cfm https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9bXdna3dpEkCpg=PA61lpg=PA61dq=Brand+the+franchise+benefits+from+operating+under+the+name+and+reputation+brand+(image)+of+the+franchisor,+which+is+already+well+established+in+the+mind+eye+of+the+public.source=blots=8S9g1KfYUFsig=i6g2copZdN7dITp0uFMxSdx1MRQhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjMnvPap9TJAhUGVRQKHXq2BbwQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepageq=Brand%20the%20franchise%20benefits%20from%20operating%20under%20the%20name%20and%20reputation%20brand%20(image)%20of%20the%20franchisor%2C%20which%20is%20already%20well%20established%20in%20the%20mind%20eye%20of%20the%20public.f=false http://search.proquest.com/abiglobal/docview/220131590/63A3C6E4CB69411CPQ/1?accountid=10472 http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Eq-Inc/Franchising.html http://emarket.franchise.org/FRCSupportHandbook.pdf http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/08876040710818895 http://www.entrepreneur.com/answer/227691 http://www.franchising.com/guides/what_is_franchising_the_basics.html http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/08876040710818895 http://www.whichfranchise.com/resources.cfm http://www.theukfranchisedirectory.net/page/history-of-franchising.php http://www.franchising.com/articles/what_is_franchising.html

Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of James Joyce Es

Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of James Joyce      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early twentieth century, Ireland, and more specifically Dublin, was a place defined by class distinctions. There were the wealthy, worldly upper-class who owned large, stately townhouses in the luxurious neighborhoods and the less fortunate, uneducated poor who lived in any shack they could afford in the middle of the city. For the most part, the affluent class was Protestant, while the struggling workers were overwhelmingly Catholic. These distinctions were the result of nearly a century of disparity in income, education, language, and occupation, and in turn were the fundamental bases for the internal struggle that many of Joyce's characters feel. Torn between the life they lead and the one they dream of, these people are reflections of the harsh setting in which Joyce himself spent his life. Although Joyce never explicitly explains why his main characters in "A Little Cloud," "Eveline," "Counterparts," and "The Boarding House" are so deprived, it is clear that they are at an unfair disadvantage in some way. He uses them to spotlight and protest the hardships that so many people of Dublin were forced to endure simply because of their religion and its effects on the other aspects of their lives.    The Irish-Catholics of Dublin in this era were overwhelmingly poverty-stricken, especially when compared to the English people who controlled the government and businesses. In fact, in 1914, the same year that Dubliners was first published, "74,000 people in Dublin lived in one-room tenements, and about 56,000 more in two-room tenements; and this 130,000 people represented 42 per cent of Dublin's citizens" (Cahalan 178). Even a noted employe... ...Handbook. Ed. James R. Baker and Thomas F. Staley. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969. 120-24. Joyce, James. "The Boarding House." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 332-37. ---. "Counterparts." Dubliners. New York: Viking Press, 1968. 86-98. ---. "Eveline." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 329-31 ---. "A Little Cloud." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 337-45. Ledden, Patrick J. "Education and Social Class in Joyce's Dublin." Journal of Modern Literature 22.2 (1998): 329-36. Ryan, Ellen Bouchard, Howard Giles, and Richard J. Sebastian. Attitudes Toward Language Variation: Social and Applied Contexts. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. Torchiana, Donald T. Backgrounds for Joyce's Dubliners. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1986. Walzl, Florence L. "Patterns of Paralysis in Joyce's Dubliners." College English XXII. (1961): 226.

Interest Rates Affects on the Is-Lm Model Essay

Assignment 4 5. According to the IS-LM model, what happens to the interest rate, income, consumption and invest under the following circumstances. a. The central bank increases money supply. An increase in the money supple shifts the LM curve downward. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income rises from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate falls from r1 to r2. Therefore this increase in money supply causes a decrease in interest rate, an increase in income, an increase in consumption and an increase in investment. LM Income, output, Y b. Government increases government purchases An increase in government purchases result in a shift in the IS curve to the right. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income rises from Y1 to Y2 and interest rate rises from r1 to r2. This increase in government purchases therefore causes interest rate to rise and income also rises. Consumption will also increase but the increase in government purchases will cause investment to decrease. interest rate, r LM IS2 IS1 Income, output, Y c. The government increases taxes. An increase in taxes shifts the IS curve to the left. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income falls from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate from r ¬1 to r 2. Therefore increase in taxes will bring about a decrease in interest rate, cause income to also decrease which will decrease consumption also but will result in an increase in investment. interest rate, r LM IS1 IS2 Income, output, Y d. The government increase government purchases and taxes equally 6. Consider the following economy of Hicksonia. a. The consumption function is given by C= 200 + 0. 75 (Y – T) The investment function is I= 200-25r Government purchases and taxes are both 100.

Free Essays on Observation Paper

As a prospective teacher I admit that when I first entered the teacher education program I thought of learning as memorizing, and understood teaching as showing, telling and performing. I admit feeling uncomfortable at the outset with the requirement to be reflective about past and current experience and practices, and with the expectation that I should be actively involved in the construction of my own professional knowledge. A narrative and holistic orientation to teacher education is grounded in Dewey’s philosophy of education and his belief that we learn from experience and reflection on experience. As Dewy (1966) has explained: ‘[the] educational process is one of continual reorganizing, reconstruction, transforming experience’ (p.50), and this holds whether one is in a setting of teacher education, a high school or a kindergarten. As instructor, I emphasize the necessity for participants to understand the foundational concepts on which the courses are based; that the emphasis on reflective inquiry in learning to teach was established by Dewey in his work on conceptions of time, space, experience and sociality (Dewey, 1916, 1934, 1938a, 1938b). A narrative and holistic orientation to professional learning is based on the education and development of the whole person who is becoming a teacher. The construction of professional knowledge is understood as a relational and interactive process where teacher, student and subject matter are interconnected (Schwab, 1971, 1983). Here, the particularities of personal and situational contexts are important. In the context of a curriculum for teacher education, this view challenges simplistic notions of a curriculum based on a set of theoretical and practical requirements, a course of study, or a list of competencies. It validates individuals’ experiences of schooling, their personal biographies and family histories, and experiences of growing up in different cultural envir... Free Essays on Observation Paper Free Essays on Observation Paper As a prospective teacher I admit that when I first entered the teacher education program I thought of learning as memorizing, and understood teaching as showing, telling and performing. I admit feeling uncomfortable at the outset with the requirement to be reflective about past and current experience and practices, and with the expectation that I should be actively involved in the construction of my own professional knowledge. A narrative and holistic orientation to teacher education is grounded in Dewey’s philosophy of education and his belief that we learn from experience and reflection on experience. As Dewy (1966) has explained: ‘[the] educational process is one of continual reorganizing, reconstruction, transforming experience’ (p.50), and this holds whether one is in a setting of teacher education, a high school or a kindergarten. As instructor, I emphasize the necessity for participants to understand the foundational concepts on which the courses are based; that the emphasis on reflective inquiry in learning to teach was established by Dewey in his work on conceptions of time, space, experience and sociality (Dewey, 1916, 1934, 1938a, 1938b). A narrative and holistic orientation to professional learning is based on the education and development of the whole person who is becoming a teacher. The construction of professional knowledge is understood as a relational and interactive process where teacher, student and subject matter are interconnected (Schwab, 1971, 1983). Here, the particularities of personal and situational contexts are important. In the context of a curriculum for teacher education, this view challenges simplistic notions of a curriculum based on a set of theoretical and practical requirements, a course of study, or a list of competencies. It validates individuals’ experiences of schooling, their personal biographies and family histories, and experiences of growing up in different cultural envir...

The eNotes Blog 7 Afrofuturist and Speculative Fiction Works to Read For Black HistoryMonth

7 Afrofuturist and Speculative Fiction Works to Read For Black HistoryMonth Speculative fiction, an umbrella genre encompassing works with supernatural or futuristic elements, is all about exploration and experimentation. It allows writers- and readers- to imagine new worlds and explore concepts beyond the limitations of our current reality. Black authors, artists, and performers have historically used the genre to create unique, subversive explorations of how personal identity interacts with sociocultural standards and expectations. The longstanding relationship between black creators and speculative fiction has also given rise to the artistic and cultural movement known as Afrofuturism. Afrofuturism aims to represent the histories and experiences of people from across the African diaspora in futuristic narratives. It exists as a means of both celebrating black identity and culture and of countering the predominantly white and Westernized future commonly portrayed in mainstream speculative-fiction narratives. Lets look at seven titles that are perfect reads for anyone looking for enthralling and thought-provoking stories about magic, technology, and the future through the eyes of black authors. 1. Binti by Nnedi Okorafor Nnedi Okorafor’s novella Binti is a short but enthralling tale about the titular Binti, a young Himba woman who leaves Earth in order to attend an intergalactic university. When aliens attack Binti’s ship, knowledge and technology from her Himba background ultimately save her life and thrust her into the role of intergalactic diplomat. Through Binti, Okorafor rejects a Westernized and homogenous vision of the future and instead imagines how cultural practices and traditions might adapt to an increasingly technological world. Page count: 96 Genre: Science Fiction Publish date: 2015 2. The Broken Earth trilogy by N.K. Jemisin Page count: 400–500 Genre: Fantasy; Science Fiction Publish date: 2015–2017 N. K. Jemisin’s novel The Fifth Season won the 2016 Hugo Award for Best Novel, making Jemisin the first black author to win a Hugo in that category. She then won it again in 2017 and 2018 for the follow-up novels, The Obelisk Gate and The Stone Sky. Set in a world divided by strict castes and wracked by frequent environmental disasters, Jemisin’s Broken Earth trilogy questions the mechanisms that perpetuate oppression and inequality. Through her masterfully written characters, Jemisin recognizes the mutability of identity and the ways in which our experiences shape and change us. 3. Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson Page count: 250 Genre: Fantasy; Science Fiction Publish date: 1998 Published in 1988, Brown Girl in the Ring was author Nalo Hopkinson’s debut novel. It follows the story of Ti-Jeanne, a single mother, as she navigates the rampant corruption and violence that has taken root in a dystopian version of Toronto, Canada. In order to save her city- and herself- Ti-Jeanne must learn to embrace her grandmother Gros-Jeanne’s Afro-Caribbean spiritualism and harness the magic that lives inside her. Through Ti-Jeanne’s story, Hopkinson explores the ways in which individuals can draw strength from their cultures and communities. 4. Dark Matter: A Century of Speculative Fiction From the African Diaspora, edited by Sheree Thomas Page count: 400 Genre: Fantasy; Science Fiction; Short Story Collection Publish date: 2004 This first entry in the Dark Matter anthology series, edited by Sheree Thomas, is a celebration of the long and rich history of black speculative fiction. From a plantation story steeped in AfroCaribbean folklore (Charles W. Chesnutt’s â€Å"The Goophered Grapevine) to a hilariously horrifying tale about sex toys come to life (Nalo Hopkinson’s â€Å"Ganger (Ball Lightning)†), Dark Matter is full of creativity and clever social criticism. 5. Dhalgren by Samuel R. Delany Page count: 836 Genre: Science Fiction Publish date: 1975 Dhalgren is an experimental novel that infuses Delany’s experiences with dyslexia and dysmetria into the reading experience. Set in a dystopian world, the novel explores the city of Bellona through its protagonist, the Kid. Kid’s perception of reality is compromised by both a strange notebook he receives after entering Bellona and by his own fractured mental state. By employing multiple viewpoints, which often contradict each other, Delany rejects the idea of a definitive reality in favor of exploring the unique perceptions and experiences of each individual. 6. Filter House by Nisi Shawl Page count: 276 Genre: Science Fiction; Fantasy; Short Story Collection Publish date: 2008 Nisi Shawl’s Filter House is a collection of short stories, each of which centers the experiences and perspectives of black girls and women. From an urban neighborhood confronting the effects of gentrification to a post-apocalyptic water museum, each of Shawl’s stories offers an immersive setting with a rich sense of culture and history. Through its unique cast of protagonists, Shawl’s collection examines the myriad relationships that women- especially black women- have with nature, history, society, and themselves. 7. Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler Page count: 345 Genre: Science Fiction Publish date: 1993 Octavia Butler is often considered the matriarch of black science fiction, and no sci-fi enthusiast’s shelf is complete without Parable of the Sower. It tells the story of Lauren Oya Olamina, a black, teenage empath, as she traverses a dystopian world and founds a new religion called â€Å"Earthseed.† Like many of Butler’s works, Parable of the Sower foregrounds the agency, adaptability, and ingenuity of black women in the face of adversity.

The Current and Futuristic Position of Etisalat Assignment

The Current and Futuristic Position of Etisalat - Assignment Example Furthermore, the report looks into the factors that limit the company’s efficiency and effectiveness on a global and national front. According to research carried out, it is notable that entering a foreign market can pose unique sets of problems that a company had not previously in the country of origin (Womack and Jones, p. 12). Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, which operates under the brand name Etisalat is a service provider in the telecommunication sector. The company is incorporated in the UAE and is operational in at least eighteen nations especially in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Mobile Network Code (MNC), a global regulator of the telecommunication industry asserts that, at present, Etisalat is ranked as the fifth biggest operator in the mobile telecommunication sector, having a massive consumer base of close to one hundred and twenty million people globally. MNC, which offers a list of mobile national codes under ISO 3166-1 country codes, asserts that Etisalat is a key player in the global telecommunication sector, having been founded in the year 1976. As at February 2011, Etisalat gives an account of a net income of AED 31.9 billion ($8.4 billion), with profit margins reaching AED 7.63 billion or $ 2.07 billion. The company is a joint-stock corporation held by local affiliates and int ernationally reputed companies such as International Aeradio Limited and another company based in Britain. The ownership structure of the company shifted significantly in 1983 when the government of the United Arab Emirates acquired up to 60% of the company’s shares, before trading the remaining 40% in the public market.

Understanding of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding of Art - Research Paper Example As she reaches her conclusion, the author reaches out to the audience and her fellow scholars to respect many of the forms of expression that exist. It does not necessarily mean that whatever people do when they need to express themselves is to be termed as art. Also, this does not signify that it is obligated to fit into the contemporary form of West-European art. This is the problem that faces many individuals around the world. If a method of expression is not accepted among the common, expected, and well-known type, it is not hard to hear the term ‘primitive art’ being thrown in the mix. The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experi ence can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art. Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. ... The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experience can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art (Dean 27). Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. This may give them an avenue to find out why som e of the things that people do, do not mean they are focusing on another thing. The term art has been used to describe products of different cultures. However, to them, it was just a way of expressing how they felt, and does not necessarily fall under the art category. By claiming anything that has had human contact, for example, being touched, produced, or moved as simply art, is not doing justice to all that was put into the original purpose of the object (Dean 29). The author’s sources range from interviews to Art journals. All these present the author with a channel to inform anyone that may be interested in different cultural backgrounds. The cultures present have developed different understanding of